Orchestration in the Cloud-to-Things compute continuum: taxonomy, survey and future directions

Ullah, Amjad; Kiss, Tamas; Kovács, József; Tusa, Francesco; Deslauriers, James; Dagdeviren, Huseyin; Arjun, Resmi; Hamzeh, Hamed

doi:10.1186/s13677-023-00516-5

Journal of Cloud Computing

Advances, Systems and Applications

Table 1 Comparative summary of the concept-only orchestration solutions

From: Orchestration in the Cloud-to-Things compute continuum: taxonomy, survey and future directions

Attributes				ENORM [66]	Fernandez et al. [67]	Alam et al. [69]	Santos et al. [70]	Foggy [73]	Castellano et al. [74]	HYDRA [75]	Caravela [76]	Mathias et al. [77]	Hetero-Edge [80]
Cloud resource handling		Environment	Single cloud	\(\checkmark\)		\(\checkmark\)		\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)
			Multi-cloud		\(\checkmark\)		\(\checkmark\)			\(\checkmark\)
			Cross-cloud
		Resource types	Compute	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)
			Storage		\(\checkmark\)				\(\checkmark\)		\(\checkmark\)
			Network		\(\checkmark\)				\(\checkmark\)		\(\checkmark\)
		Resource selection	Statically defined	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)		\(\checkmark\)
			Automatic selection					\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)
			Run-time optimised					\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)
Fog/Edge resource handling		Connectivity	Manual registration	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)		\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)			\(\checkmark\)
		Connectivity	Automatic registration				\(\checkmark\)				\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)
		Others	Heterogeneity	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)		\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)
			Auto reconnectivity								\(\checkmark\)
			Resource discovery				\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)		\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)
Orchestration functionalities	Service/Job Handling	Virt support	VM	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)		\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)
		Virt support	Containerisation	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)
		Mapping	Static	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)			\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)
		Mapping	Context aware					\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)			\(\checkmark\)
	Run-time reconfiguration	Definition type	Statically pre-defined	\(\checkmark\)								\(\checkmark\)
		Definition type	User-defined dynamic						\(\checkmark\)
		Operating type	Reactive	\(\checkmark\)				\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)
			Proactive				\(\checkmark\)
			Hybrid
		Scaling	Horizontal							\(\checkmark\)
			Vertical	\(\checkmark\)
			Hybrid						\(\checkmark\)			\(\checkmark\)
		Offloading	Cloud-to-Edge	\(\checkmark\)		\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)
			Edge-to-Cloud	\(\checkmark\)		\(\checkmark\)
			Edge-to-Edge				\(\checkmark\)
	Monitoring	Support level	Cloud			\(\checkmark\)
			Edge	\(\checkmark\)							\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)
			Cloud-to-Edge			\(\checkmark\)		\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)
		Metrics support	System				\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)
			Application	\(\checkmark\)		\(\checkmark\)		\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)				\(\checkmark\)
			Custom
	Security handling		Configurable app level	\(\checkmark\)				\(\checkmark\)
			Sys wide inter-comp				\(\checkmark\)
			Edge authentication									\(\checkmark\)
			Access control							\(\checkmark\)
	Others		Fault diagnosis			\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)
	Others		SLA Handling	\(\sim\)					\(\sim\)
Design		Architecture	Centralised			\(\checkmark\)		\(\checkmark\)				\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)
			Decentralised	\(\checkmark\)					\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)
			Hybrid		\(\checkmark\)		\(\checkmark\)
		App description	Solution independent									\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)
		App description	Solution specific					\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)
		Extensibility	Resources
		Extensibility	Functionalities					\(\checkmark\)		\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)
		User interface	GUI (Web/Desktop)				\(\checkmark\)
			CLI	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)			\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)		\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)	\(\checkmark\)
			API (Service/Library)				\(\checkmark\)				\(\checkmark\)
Supported App types				G	G	PS	SC	G	DS	G	G	G	CV

[Supported = \(\checkmark\), partially supported = \(\sim\)] Supported App types \(\Rightarrow\) Publish Subscriber (PS), Smart City (SC), Data Streaming (DS), Computer Vision CV, Generic (G)

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