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Advances, Systems and Applications

Table 6 Server Side Java workload models and the model accuracy

From: Agent-based cloud simulation model for resource management

Code

Method

Model

Accuracy

1

Simple Linear

Power = 6.076e-05 * SSJ + 7.237e+01

R\(^{2}\) = 0.933

Quadratic

Power = 1.642e-11 * SSJ\(^2\) + 6.182e-06 * SSJ + 9.959e+01

R\(^{2}\) = 0.992

Cubic

Power = 3.90e-18 * SSJ\(^3\) - 3.01e-12 * SSJ\(^2\) + 3.08e-5 * SSJ + 9.45e+1

R\(^{2}\) = 0.995

Stepwise Linear

{(2.7e-5, 9.4e+1), (3.9e-5, 9.2e+1), (4.0e-5, 8.0e+1), (3.6e-5, 9.3e+1), (3.9e-5, 9.0e+1),

CPU% 0 – 100

(5.2e-5, 6.8e+1), (6.6e-5, 3.9e+1), (1.1e-4, -5.9e+1), (1.4e-4, -1.5e+2), (6.8e-5, 7.2e+1)}

2

Simple Linear

Power = 2.313e-05 * SSJ + 7.066e+01

R\(^{2}\) = 0.950

Quadratic

Power = 3.178e-13 * SSJ\(^2\) + 2.118e-05 * SSJ + 7.245e+01

R\(^{2}\) = 0.950

Cubic

Power = 1.76e-18 * SSJ\(^3\) - 1.58e-11 * SSJ\(^2\) + 5.88e-5 * SSJ + 5.80e+1

R\(^{2}\) = 0.994

Stepwise Linear

{(7.4e-5, 5.3e+1), (1.8e-5, 8.7e+1), (1.8e-5, 8.7e+1), (1.6e-5, 9.0e+1) (1.6e-5, 9.0e+1),

CPU% 0 – 100

(1.7e-5, 8.9e+1), (1.6e-5, 9.0e+1), (2.0e-5, 7.2e+1), (3.7e-5, -9.3e+0), (5.4e-5, -1.0e+2)}

3

Simple Linear

Power = 5.361e-05 * SSJ + 1.252e+02

R\(^{2}\) = 0.967

Quadratic

Power = 3.803e-12 * SSJ\(^2\) + 2.481e-05 * SSJ + 1.580e+02

R\(^{2}\) = 0.988

Cubic

Power = 1.24e-18 * SSJ\(^3\) - 1.03e-11 * SSJ\(^2\) + 6.56e-5 * SSJ + 1.39e+2

R\(^{2}\) = 0.998

Stepwise Linear

{(8.3e-5, 1.3e+2), (3.6e-5, 1.7e+2), (3.5e-5, 1.7e+2), (3.5e-5, 1.7e+2), (3.7e-5, 1.6e+2),

CPU% 0 – 100

(4.5e-5, 1.3e+2), (5.8e-5, 7.2e+1), (8.5e-5, -6.9e+1), (7.2e-5, 1.1e+1), (1.1e-4, -2.3e+2)}

4

Simple Linear

Power = 5.369e-05 * SSJ + 1.067e+02

R\(^{2}\) = 0.935

Quadratic

Power = 4.869e-12 * SSJ\(^2\) + 1.405e-05 * SSJ + 1.550e+02

R\(^{2}\) = 0.975

Cubic

Power = 1.58e-18 * SSJ\(^3\) - 1.45e-11 * SSJ\(^2\) + 7.40e-5 * SSJ + 1.24e+2

R\(^{2}\) = 0.995

Stepwise Linear

{(7.9e-5, 1.2e+2), (3.9e-5, 1.5e+2), (3.3e-5, 1.6e+2), (3.1e-5, 1.7e+2), (2.8e-5, 1.8e+2),

CPU% 0 – 100

(4.3e-5, 1.2e+2), (4.9e-5, 8.4e+1), (7.1e-5, -4.0e+1), (1.5e-4, -5.3e+2), (8.4e-5, -7.7e+1)}

5

Simple Linear

Power = 7.339e-05 * SSJ + 8.569e+01

R\(^{2}\) = 0.967

Quadratic

Power = 3.526e-12 * SSJ\(^2\) + 3.258e-05 * SSJ + 1.565e+02

R\(^{2}\) = 0.991

Cubic

Power = 4.75e-19 * SSJ\(^3\) - 4.71e-12 * SSJ\(^2\) + 6.89e-5 * SSJ + 1.3e+2

R\(^{2}\) = 0.995

Stepwise Linear

{(1.2e-4, 1.0e+2), (3.9e-5, 1.9e+2), (4.0e-5, 1.9e+2), (4.6e-5, 1.7e+2), (5.9e-5, 1.1e+2),

CPU% 0 – 100

(6.6e-5, 7.1+1), (8.5e-5, -6.4e+1), (1.3e-4, -4.2e+2), (1.0e-4, -1.9e+2), (1.0e-4, -1.6e+2)}

6

Simple Linear

Power = 2.335e-05 * SSJ + 9.456e+01

R\(^{2}\) = 0.905

Quadratic

Power = -2.637e-12 * SSJ\(^2\) + 3.951e-05 * SSJ + 7.969e+01

R\(^{2}\) = 0.938

Cubic

Power = 1.64e-18 * SSJ\(^3\) - 1.77e-11 * SSJ\(^2\) + 7.48e05 * SSJ + 6.61e+1

R\(^{2}\) = 0.974

Stepwise Linear

{(1.1e-4, 5.5e+1), (2.6e-5, 1.1e+2), (1.8e-5, 1.2e+2), 1.8e-5, 1.2e+2), (1.3e-5, 1.3e+2),

CPU% 0 – 100

(1.9e-5, 1.1e+2), (2.1e-5, 1.0e+2), (2.1e-5, 1.0e+2), (1.8e-5, 1.2e+2), (2.2e-5, 9.8e+1)}

7

Simple Linear

Power = 1.285e-04 * SSJ + 1.310e+02

R\(^{2}\) = 0.991

Quadratic

Power = 1.344e-11 * SSJ\(^2\) + 9.763e-05 * SSJ + 1.416e+02

R\(^{2}\) = 0.995

Cubic

Power = 4.37e-18 * SSJ\(^3\) - 1.61e-12 * SSJ\(^2\) + 1.11e-4 * SSJ + 1.40e+2

R\(^{2}\) = 0.995

Stepwise Linear

{(2.0e-4, 1.3e+2), (7.7e-5, 1.6e+2), (9.1e-5, 1.5e+2), (1.1e-4, 1.4e+2), (1.1e-4, 1.4e+2),

CPU% 0 – 100

(1.3e-4, 1.2e+2), (1.6e-4, 8.2e+1), (1.9e-4, 2.8e+1), (1.4e-4, 1.2e+2), (1.1e-4, 1.8e+2)}

8

Simple Linear

Power = 2.409e-05 * SSJ + 1.490e+02

R\(^{2}\) = 0.967

Quadratic

Power = -5613e-13 * SSJ\(^2\) + 3.067e-05 * SSJ + 1.374e+02

R\(^{2}\) = 0.973

Cubic

Power =3.0e-19 * SSJ\(^3\) - 5.83e-12 * SSJ\(^2\) + 5.42e-5 * SSJ + 1.20e+2

R\(^{2}\) = 0.989

Stepwise Linear

{(7.7e-5, 1.1e+2), (2.6e-5, 1.7e+2), (1.4e-5, 1.9e+2), (2.2e-5, 1.7e+2), (2.0e-5, 1.7e+2),

CPU% 0 – 100

(1.4e-5, 2.1e+2), (2.8e-5, 1.1e+2), (2.4e-5, 1.5e+2), (2.3e-5, 1.5e+2), (2.7e-5, 1.2e+2)}

  1. The energy consumption information for servers was collected from http://www.spec.org, published in 2020 and 2021. To verify the accuracy of the models, one can refer to the Actual Load, ssj_ops (server-side Java operations per second), and Average Active Power (W) fields in the data, which are available at http://www.spec.org/power_ssj2008/results/. The code index corresponds to the server specifications listed in Table 2