Fig. 5

Effect of Face on the profiling of vowels (a, e, i, o and u from top to bottom). The graphs show the number of hits for each address in the last-level cache (approximately 16,000 addresses) with and without obfuscation. The bars are concentrated in the region which is used by the GDK library for keypresses. As we can see, obfuscation changes the profiles considerably and also makes them indistinguishable. The normal profiles of the five vowels can be easily differentiated, but the obfuscated profiles of multiple vowels look the same. The blue bars have been drawn slightly wider for clarity during overlaps with the red ones