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Advances, Systems and Applications

Table 3 Categorization of Elections from 1986 to 2018

From: Time-series topic analysis using singular spectrum transformation for detecting political business cycles

Election day

Group

Percent of time spent within the term (4 years)

Quarterly GDP growth rate

Cabinet approval rate

Feb-18, 1990

Surfing

0.91

3.10

33.6

Jul-18, 1993

Other

0.85

−0.63

10.3

Oct-20, 1996

Surfing

0.82

0.05

37.7

Jun-25, 2000

Manipulation

0.92

1.88

18.2

Nov-9, 2003

Surfing

0.84

0.40

43.7

Sep-11, 2005

Surfing

0.46

0.97

53.5

Aug-30, 2009

Surfing

0.99

2.11

16.7

Dec-16, 2012

Manipulation

0.82

0.29

18.2

Dec-14, 2014

Surfing

0.50

0.09

45.4

Oct-22, 2017

Manipulation

0.71

0.62

37.1