Table 1 Parameters definitions

q_i

The i_th user’s state

Q_u

Q_u = {q₁, q₂, …q_N}, the state set of user u

M

number of POIs visited by user.

t_{i, j}

the probability that the state  q_i  transforms to the state  q_j

T

T = {t_{i, j}}_N ∗ N, state transition probability distribution

L

length of the POI sequence

O

O = {I₁, I₂, …, I_M}, the POI sequential data

p_{i, j}

the probability that user visit POI I_j when the state is q_i

P

p = {p_{i, j}}_N ∗ M, preference probability distribution

π

the probability of initial state