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Advances, Systems and Applications

Table 1 Symbols and their representations in the proposed approaches

From: Defect knowledge graph construction and application in multi-cloud IoT

Symbol

Representation

Q & A

question and answer

DB

database

ES

elasticsearch

OSS

Object Storage Service

MOM

Message Oriented Middleware

ISC

Internet Service Customer

S6000

a network equipment

\(r(X_0,X_n)\)

the relationship between \(X_0\) and \(X_n\)

G

the knowledge graph

\(P_d\)

the representation of training data

q

the question to be queried

a

the inference result

\(p_w\)

the probability of an answer conditioned defined by Reasoning Evaluator

\(p_\theta\)

the prior probability of an answer conditioned defined by Rule Miner

R

the representation of rule set

\(\mathbf {E}\)

the maximum likelihood estimation

\(w_{rule}\)

the weight of the rule

\(score_w\)

the score of candidate answer in set A

exp

the representation of exponential function in softmax

log

the representation of log function

H

the score of rules’ quality

t

the representation of tail entity of knowledge triple

A

the set of candidate answers

MD

the representation of polynomial distribution

N

the sampling number parameter in polynomial distribution

GRU

the representation of Gate Recurrent Unit

f

the representation of explicit function mapping used in GRU network

K

the number of high-quality rules to output

\(\max \mathcal {O}\)

the representation of maximizing the loglikelihood of the ruleset