Table 3 The settings of algorithm parameters QoS aggregation functions

PSO

The inertia weight w varies from 0.9 to 0.7 linearly, the learning factors c₁ varies from 2.5 to 0.5 linearly, while c₂ varies from 0.5 to 2.5.

IGWO

The random vectors r₁,r₂ = rand[0, 1], the control coefficients c₁ = 0.3 and θ = 2, while a varies from 2 to 0 linearly.

TLBO

The random vectors r, r_j = rand[0, 1], the teaching factor T_F is equal to 1 or 2.

Hybrid-TC

The random vectors r, r_j, r₁, r₂ = rand[0, 1], and the random numbers c₁, c₂ = rand[− 1,1], the teaching factor T_F is equal to 1 or 2.

Improved-TC

The random vectors r,r_j, r₁,r₂ = rand[0, 1], and the random numbers c₁, c₂ = rand[−1,1], the teaching factor T_F is equal to 1 or 2.