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Advances, Systems and Applications

Table 1 Experimental parameters

From: FedEem: a fairness-based asynchronous federated learning mechanism

Symbol

Description

T, t

Server update frequency, server update index

\(\mathcal {S}^t\)

Server updates the selected subset of client in time \(\textit{t}\)

\(Q, q, \epsilon\)

Local step count per round, round index

\(w^t\)

The model after t updates

\(g_i\left( w ; \zeta _i\right) :=g_i(w)\)

Random gradient

\(\eta _g \eta _l\)

Global and local learning rate

K

The number of clients selected for a single aggregation

\(\sigma _g^2, \sigma _{\ell }^2\)

Global and Local gradient variance

\(\tau _i(t)\)

Outdatedness of client \(\textit{i}\)’s model after \(\textit{t}\) rounds of global updates

\(\tau _{\max }\)

Obsolete upper bound